RESUMO
The rice stalk stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål, is an important rice pest in Brazil, causing significant damage to rice plants and consequently yield losses, with a high invasive potential in Mexico and USA. The male-produced sex pheromone of this species was recently identified as a 7:3 mixture of (3S,6S,7R)-1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol (1) and (3R,6S,7R)-1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol (5) (a.k.a. zingiberenols). The aim of this study was to evaluate field responses of T. limbativentris females to the racemic mixture and stereoisomers of 1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol, including the male-produced sex pheromone. The results obtained in two rice-producing areas of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) showed that traps baited with the main component 1 alone, the racemic mixture, and a mixture of 1 and 5 were attractive to females of T. limbativentris. The minor component 5 was unable to attract females when used alone. The results indicate that the sex pheromone of T. limbativentris and racemic mixture of 1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol were equally attractive to co-specific females in rice fields, and they could be a tool to incorporate in rice stalk stink bug management programs.
Assuntos
Heterópteros , Oryza , Feromônios/química , Sesquiterpenos , Atrativos Sexuais , Animais , Feminino , Sesquiterpenos/química , Atrativos Sexuais/químicaRESUMO
Despite the importance of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville) in coffee production worldwide, there is a lack of information on its reproductive biology. This knowledge will help in mass rearing, as well as support the development of behavioral control techniques for this insect. The purpose of the study was to determine the periodicity of mating and male capture and describe the mating behavior L. coffeella. In laboratory, we observed the periodicity of mating with virgin couples of different ages, zero to five days after emergence. Male activity was studied in a 0.7 ha coffee plantation, cv. Catuaí, where Delta traps were installed at 0.5 m above ground, using either virgin females or rubber septa lured with the synthetic sex pheromone. The sequence of mating behavior was studied by making visual observations and recorded of pairs placed on individual plastic tubes. Mating occurred between 4h and 6h of photophase, when the highest frequencies involved pairs with ages of one and three days after emergence, with peak of mating occurring in 5th hour of photophase. The young or old pairs showed significantly copulation frequency and the peak of matings advance in 1h. The highest male capture occurred at 12p.m. and 13 p.m. by traps with virgin females or traps with synthetic sex pheromone lures, respectively. L. coffeella is one insect with diurnal mating and the mating behavior was not different from what is know for other Lepidoptera species.
Assuntos
Coffea/parasitologia , Copulação , Lepidópteros , Animais , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville) é praga-chave na cafeicultura; contudo, faltam informações sobre sua reprodução para o desenvolvimento de táticas de controle por comportamento. Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a periodicidade de cópulas; a periodicidade de captura dos machos e caracterizar o comportamento de acasalamento de L. coffeella. A periodicidade de acasalamento foi avaliada em laboratório com casais virgens de diferentes idades, zero a cinco dias após a emergência, individualizados em tubos transparentes. A periodicidade de captura foi avaliada em café cv. Catuaí, onde foram instaladas armadilhas Delta com dois atraentes: fêmeas virgens e septos de borracha impregnados com o feromônio sexual sintético. As etapas do comportamento de acasalamento foram descritas a partir de observação direta e de filmagens de casais virgens individualizados em tubos transparentes. Os acasalamentos ocorreram entre 4h e 6h da fotofase, onde as maiores freqüências envolveram casais com idades entre um e três dias da emergência, com pico de acasalamentos na quinta hora da fotofase. Os casais recém-emergidos ou velhos mostraram significativamente menor freqüência de cópulas e o pico dos acasalamentos antecipado em 1h. A maior captura ocorreu às 12:00h e 13:00h, nas armadilhas com fêmeas virgens e feromônio sexual sintético, respectivamente. Pelos resultados, L. coffeella é um inseto com acasalamento diurno e os comportamentos de chamamento e corte seguem o padrão encontrado em outros Lepidoptera.
Despite the importance of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville) in coffee production worldwide, there is a lack of information on its reproductive biology. This knowledge will help in mass rearing, as well as support the development of behavioral control techniques for this insect. The purpose of the study was to determine the periodicity of mating and male capture and describe the mating behavior L. coffeella. In laboratory, we observed the periodicity of mating with virgin couples of different ages, zero to five days after emergence. Male activity was studied in a 0.7 ha coffee plantation, cv. Catuaí, where Delta traps were installed at 0.5 m above ground, using either virgin females or rubber septa lured with the synthetic sex pheromone. The sequence of mating behavior was studied by making visual observations and recorded of pairs placed on individual plastic tubes. Mating occurred between 4h and 6h of photophase, when the highest frequencies involved pairs with ages of one and three days after emergence, with peak of mating occurring in 5th hour of photophase. The young or old pairs showed significantly copulation frequency and the peak of matings advance in 1h. The highest male capture occurred at 12p.m. and 13 p.m. by traps with virgin females or traps with synthetic sex pheromone lures, respectively. L. coffeella is one insect with diurnal mating and the mating behavior was not different from what is know for other Lepidoptera species.
